Quality-Control Reports in Japanese Factories

Core examples: 検査結果, 判定, 規格, 公差, 是正処置, 再発防止, 不適合, 苦情, トレーサビリティ, 抜取検査.

The table is the sentence

A quality report may have columns:

規格 測定値 判定 不適合内容 原因 是正処置 再発防止

The grammar is minimal. The meaning is in the table. Each cell tells whether a product passed, failed, was contained, corrected, or still needs action.

The key principle is:

QC Japanese must be read as an evidence trail.

You need to know the standard, sample, result, judgment, defect, cause, corrective action, owner, deadline, and verification outcome.

検査結果 and 判定

検査結果

means inspection result.

判定

means judgment/decision/evaluation result.

Common judgments:

合格 pass

不合格 fail

OK / NG common workplace notation

適合 conforming

不適合 nonconforming

Learner action: separate measured result from judgment. A value is evidence; 判定 tells pass/fail.

規格 and 公差

規格

means specification/standard.

公差

means tolerance.

Example:

10.0 ± 0.1 mm

The nominal dimension is 10.0 mm. The tolerance is ±0.1 mm. A measured value outside that range may be nonconforming.

Learner action: quality depends on measured value relative to specification and tolerance.

不適合

不適合

means nonconformity/nonconforming.

Related:

不適合品 nonconforming product

不適合報告書 nonconformity report

適合 conformity

不適合 does not simply mean “bad.” It means the item or process does not meet defined requirements.

是正処置 and 再発防止

是正処置

means corrective action.

再発防止

means recurrence prevention.

These are different.

Corrective action addresses the detected nonconformity. Recurrence prevention addresses root cause so the same problem does not happen again.

Example:

不良品を選別した sorted out defective products

This may be containment, not recurrence prevention.

作業手順を見直した revised work procedure

This may be recurrence prevention if tied to cause.

苦情

苦情

means complaint, often customer complaint in quality contexts.

Related:

顧客苦情 customer complaint

クレーム complaint/claim, often business/customer usage

A customer complaint may trigger investigation, corrective action, and reporting.

トレーサビリティ

トレーサビリティ

means traceability.

It refers to the ability to trace product history through lot, process, material, inspection, shipment, and customer records.

Related:

ロット番号 lot number

製造履歴 production history

出荷履歴 shipment history

Traceability tells how far the problem may extend.

抜取検査

抜取検査

means sampling inspection.

Related:

全数検査 100% inspection

サンプル数 sample size

抜取数 number sampled

A sampling result is not the same as inspecting every item. Reports must specify the inspection method.

Example bank walkthrough

検査結果

Inspection result.

Learner action: measured or observed result.

判定

Judgment/pass-fail decision.

Learner action: outcome based on standard.

規格

Specification/standard.

Learner action: requirement to compare against.

公差

Tolerance.

Learner action: allowable variation.

是正処置

Corrective action.

Learner action: action addressing nonconformity.

再発防止

Recurrence prevention.

Learner action: prevents repeat.

不適合

Nonconformity.

Learner action: failure to meet requirement.

苦情

Complaint.

Learner action: customer-triggered quality issue.

トレーサビリティ

Traceability.

Learner action: evidence trail across lot/process.

抜取検査

Sampling inspection.

Learner action: method and sample size matter.

QC report checklist

Read a QC report in this order:

1. Product/part/lot.
2. Standard/specification: 規格.
3. Tolerance: 公差.
4. Inspection method: all items or sample?
5. Measured result.
6. Judgment: 判定.
7. Nonconformity description.
8. Containment action.
9. Cause analysis.
10. Corrective action: 是正処置.
11. Recurrence prevention.
12. Verification and closure.

QC evidence chain

A QC report should create an evidence chain.

If the chain skips cause or verification, the report may be incomplete.

Corrective action versus containment

Important distinction:

選別 sorting affected items

出荷停止 stopping shipment

手直し rework

是正処置 corrective action

再発防止 recurrence prevention

Sorting and stopping shipment may contain the problem, but they may not prevent recurrence. A strong QC reader checks whether both containment and prevention are present.

Sampling warning

抜取検査

means sampling inspection. It does not prove every item is good. When reports mention 抜取数, サンプル数, or ロット, identify the inspected population and sample size before trusting the judgment.

A strong tool for this article would annotate quality forms.

Suggested functions:

1. Spec/result comparison.
2. Pass/fail判定 label.
3. Tolerance visualizer.
4. Nonconformity category tags.
5. Corrective-action tracker.
6. Traceability chain display.
7. Sampling-method warning.

Final rule

Quality-control Japanese is evidence language.

規格 defines the requirement. 公差 defines allowable variation. 検査結果 records evidence. 判定 decides pass or fail. 不適合 triggers action. 是正処置 fixes. 再発防止 prevents.

Read the evidence trail.