Manufacturing Chinese: 工艺, 产线, 良率, 不良品

Slug: manufacturing-chinese-gongyi-chanxian-lianglv-buliangpin

Why this matters

Manufacturing Chinese is concrete but dense. It describes processes, lines, batches, machines, materials, output, yield, defects, rework, scrap, causes, and corrective actions. A factory update may look like a list of nouns, but it contains a full operational story.

Core vocabulary

Process language

Manufacturing updates often connect cause, status, and action:

• 由于设备故障，产线停线两小时。
• 已排查原因，需更换零件。
• 本批次良率为96.5%。
• 不良品主要为外观划伤。
• 返工后重新检验。

The verbs 排查, 调整, 更换, 确认, 复检 are operational verbs. They tell you what the team did or will do.

良率 and 不良率

良率 is yield/pass rate. 不良率 is defect rate. They are complements conceptually, but reports may calculate or define them differently depending on inspection scope.

Example:

今日A线生产2,000件，合格1,930件，不良70件，良率96.5%。

This sentence combines output, qualified units, defects, and yield. A language learner should identify the math structure even if not auditing the calculation.

Defect vocabulary

Worked production update

Mock update: A产线今日计划生产5,000件，实际完成4,600件。因贴标设备故障停线45分钟，导致产量低于计划。质检发现外观划伤不良品120件，已安排返工，返工后需复检确认。

Annotation:

• 计划生产 / 实际完成: planned vs actual output.
• 贴标设备故障: labeling equipment failure.
• 停线45分钟: line stopped for 45 minutes.
• 导致产量低于计划: cause and impact.
• 质检发现: QC found.
• 外观划伤不良品120件: 120 defective units with scratches.
• 安排返工: rework arranged.
• 复检确认: re-inspection confirmation needed.

Cause and responsibility phrases

Learner traps

工艺 is not “art” in this context; it is process/technique. 良率 is not “good rate” in everyday praise; it is a production metric. 报废 is stronger than “bad”; it means scrapped. 返工 is rework, not simply working again. 批次 is batch; it matters for traceability.

Practice drill

Use a production line report:

计划产量3000件，实际产量2800件，不良品56件，主要不良为尺寸偏差，已安排返工。

Ask learners to answer four questions: planned output, actual output, defect count, corrective action. Then ask what 主要不良 modifies. It names the main defect type, not the overall moral quality of the product. The repaired reading should also distinguish 返工 from 报废; reworked units may still pass later inspection.

Extended practice layer

Add a defect-response chain:

发现异常 → 隔离批次 → 原因分析 → 制定改善措施 → 返工/报废 → 复检 → 恢复生产.

Then attach vocabulary:

• 异常: abnormal condition.
• 隔离: isolate affected batch.
• 原因分析: root/cause analysis.
• 改善措施: corrective/improvement measures.
• 返工: rework.
• 报废: scrap.
• 恢复生产: resume production.

Add a sentence pattern section:

• 因A导致B: because A caused B.
• A已完成，B待确认: A completed, B pending.
• 需对C进行复检: C needs re-inspection.
• D不稳定，需调整工艺参数: D is unstable; process parameters need adjustment.

Manufacturing Chinese is highly cause-result oriented. Linking 由于, 导致, 已, 待, 需, and 完成 will help learners parse production updates quickly.

Upgrade and remediation layer

Manufacturing Chinese is process language. Learners often memorize terms like 工艺 and 良率 but fail to identify whether a sentence is describing process design, line status, defect cause, corrective action, or production quantity. The remediation layer should make the report structure explicit.

Add a production-update template:

Add a remediation example:

因设备参数不稳定，A线良率下降至92%，已安排工程师排查，异常批次暂缓出货。

Weak reading: “The equipment is unstable and goods are bad.” Repaired reading: “Because equipment parameters are unstable, Line A’s yield dropped to 92%. Engineers have been assigned to investigate, and shipment of the abnormal batch is temporarily suspended. The sentence reports cause, metric, action, and shipment status.”

Add a warning around 良率. It is not simply “quality.” It is a yield metric, and the denominator may depend on the report context. The article should teach recognition of the word and its role, not how to judge whether a yield is acceptable.

Add a section on 不良品 / 返工 / 报废. These terms represent different dispositions: defective item, rework, scrap. A learner should not translate all as “bad product.” 返工 implies possible correction; 报废 suggests scrapping; 不良品 is classification of defect status.

Build a production dashboard mockup with fields for line, batch, output, capacity, defect count, yield, cause, action, and status. Users turn a dashboard into a narrative update and a narrative update back into fields.

Ground against manufacturing reports, product-quality statistics, QC templates, and quality-management terminology. Verify metric definitions if using real production or quality data.